maubeuge rencontre celibataire Use sapply(), lapply(), vapply() when the data is data frame or list and use apply() when the data is matrix. Because matrix does not have the “direction”, e.g., row-wise or column-wise, to apply the function. So it has to be explicitly given.
apply(data, 2, FUN) # for example, column-wise application of the FUN
Category: status
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Use sapply(), lapply(), vapply() when th …
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Difference between “[” and “[[” in R …
Difference between “[” and “[[” in R
Those are operators for elements in R.
The difference between the two is that “[” slices the data while “[[” extracts the data.
The reason is “[[” iterates to get the data.
The manual says it in this way; “[” keep the name while “[[” drops the name, which is hard for me to understand what it means.
Example,nx <- c(Abc = 123, pi = pi) nx[1] nx[[1]]
The difference between "[" and "[[" is more prominent when they are used with c()
z <- list(a = list(b=9, c= c("helo", "world")), d=1:5) z[[c(1,2)]] returns the first and the second elements of z which are all a and d. On the other hand, z[[c(1,2)]] returns the second element of the first element which is the list c.
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Extracting a fixed position data from th …
Extracting a fixed position data from the list of vectors
I don’t exactly understand how this works but it works.v <- list(c(1,2), c(3,4), 5, c(-3:3)) sapply(v, "[", i = 2) or sapply(v, function(x) x[2]) https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-help/2007-November/145936.html
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Hash in R? Use names() ex. nucleotide …
Hash in R?
Use names()
ex.
nucleotide <- 1:4 names(nucleotide) <- c("A", "T", "G", "C") -
Resource for programming in R http://zo …
Resource for programming in R
http://zoonek2.free.fr/UNIX/48_R/02.html -
Smoothing or moving average use ksmooth …
Smoothing or moving average
use ksmooth()
when kernel is “box”, it is the same as moving average by filter() except that ksmooth() can handle the edges better.
Example
ksmooth(data, kernel = “box”, bandwidth = 3) -
Great illustration of plot and margin in …
Great illustration of plot and margin in R
http://research.stowers-institute.org/efg/R/Graphics/Basics/mar-oma/index.htm -
2nd axis in R Use axis. side is where t …
2nd axis in R
Use axis. side is where the second axis goes. Side 3 is the top x-axis. Side 4 is the right y-axis. With put the 1st axis thick for the at and lab is for the text.
Here is the example.
axis(side=3, at = c(0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5), lab = c(10, 5, 3, 2.5, 2)) -
When the forward search of readline is n …
When the forward search of readline is not working.
$ stty -a
$ stty -ixon -
yank and put (copy and paste) between tw …
yank and put (copy and paste) between two gVim
Use * instead of +
e.g.
yank: *y
cut: *x
put: “*gPOn the other hand, use + to copy and paste to other programs
yank: +y
cut: +x
paste: “+gP