10,000 hour challenge of microbe

Great explanation about many apply functions in R A brief introduction to “apply” in R

Use sapply(), lapply(), vapply() when the data is data frame or list and use apply() when the data is matrix. Because matrix does not have the “direction”, e.g., row-wise or column-wise, to apply the function. So it has to be explicitly given. apply(data, 2, FUN) # for example, column-wise application of the FUN

Extracting a fixed position data from the list of vectors I don’t exactly understand how this works but it works. v