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Category: status

  • Use sapply(), lapply(), vapply() when th …

    Use sapply(), lapply(), vapply() when the data is data frame or list and use apply() when the data is matrix. Because matrix does not have the “direction”, e.g., row-wise or column-wise, to apply the function. So it has to be explicitly given.
    apply(data, 2, FUN) # for example, column-wise application of the FUN

  • Difference between “[” and “[[” in R …

    Difference between “[” and “[[” in R
    Those are operators for elements in R.
    The difference between the two is that “[” slices the data while “[[” extracts the data.
    The reason is “[[” iterates to get the data.
    The manual says it in this way; “[” keep the name while “[[” drops the name, which is hard for me to understand what it means.
    Example,

    nx <- c(Abc = 123, pi = pi)
nx[1]

nx[[1]]

    

    The difference between "[" and "[[" is more prominent when they are used with c()
    

    z <- list(a = list(b=9, c= c("helo", "world")), d=1:5)
z[[c(1,2)]]
returns the first and the second elements of z which are all a and d.
On the other hand,
z[[c(1,2)]] 
returns the second element of the first element which is the list c.

  • Extracting a fixed position data from th …

    Extracting a fixed position data from the list of vectors
    I don’t exactly understand how this works but it works.

    v <- list(c(1,2), c(3,4), 5, c(-3:3)) sapply(v, "[", i = 2) or sapply(v, function(x) x[2]) https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-help/2007-November/145936.html

  • Hash in R? Use names() ex. nucleotide …

    Hash in R?
    Use names()
    ex.
    nucleotide <- 1:4 names(nucleotide) <- c("A", "T", "G", "C")

  • Resource for programming in R http://zo …

    Resource for programming in R
    http://zoonek2.free.fr/UNIX/48_R/02.html

  • Smoothing or moving average use ksmooth …

    Smoothing or moving average
    use ksmooth()
    when kernel is “box”, it is the same as moving average by filter() except that ksmooth() can handle the edges better.
    Example
    ksmooth(data, kernel = “box”, bandwidth = 3)

  • Great illustration of plot and margin in …

    Great illustration of plot and margin in R
    http://research.stowers-institute.org/efg/R/Graphics/Basics/mar-oma/index.htm

  • 2nd axis in R Use axis. side is where t …

    2nd axis in R
    Use axis. side is where the second axis goes. Side 3 is the top x-axis. Side 4 is the right y-axis. With put the 1st axis thick for the at and lab is for the text.
    Here is the example.
    axis(side=3, at = c(0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5), lab = c(10, 5, 3, 2.5, 2))

  • When the forward search of readline is n …

    When the forward search of readline is not working.

    $ stty -a
    $ stty -ixon

  • yank and put (copy and paste) between tw …

    yank and put (copy and paste) between two gVim

    Use * instead of +
    e.g.
    yank: *y
    cut: *x
    put: “*gP

    On the other hand, use + to copy and paste to other programs
    yank: +y
    cut: +x
    paste: “+gP